API Authentication with an OAuth Provider Discussion
I signed up with a new user via devise... then tried to access the endpoint.
Do i need to some fiddling with registering a new oauth app and acquiring a key then sending it along in the request w/ postman or something?
Hi,
I can't access the me.json endpoint,
11:06:01 web.1 | Started GET "/api/v1/me.json" for ::1 at 2018-07-20 11:06:01 +0100
11:06:01 web.1 | Processing by Api::V1::UsersController#me as JSON
11:06:01 web.1 | Filter chain halted as :doorkeeper_authorize! rendered or redirected
11:06:01 web.1 | Completed 401 Unauthorized in 2ms (ActiveRecord: 0.0ms)
Thanks,
Ryan
In the screencast, I just commented out the before_action so I could show the JSON it renders. You won't be able to access the URL directly unless you make the request with your token. You can use Postman to try it out, or just uncomment the doorkeeper before_action like I did.
My solution was:
before_action :doorkeeper_authorize!, unless: :user_signed_in?
def current_resource_owner
@current_user ||= if doorkeeper_token
User.find(doorkeeper_token.resource_owner_id)
else
warden.authenticate(scope: :user)
end
end
Ummm am I supposed to create a user account? I'm confused. Or are we simply logging in. because my respond_with returns nul.
Did anyone else get this error? I get this error when I attempt to go to the /ouath/applications url
Access to admin panel is forbidden due to Doorkeeper.configure.admin_authenticator being unconfigured
I tried creating a user and making sure the user is an admin, but maybe the template doesn't fully create a full working web app with devise? It keeps saying things like "lasted signed in at & current sign in at" doesn't exist for the user schema.
Hi Chris is this video a follow on from something else, there seems to be a lot of code not outlined in the video. Just want to make sure I am starting at the start
Hey Jeremy,
Like I mentioned at the beginning, we're using the Jumpstart template that I made. https://github.com/excid3/jumpstart
I'm not gonna waste your time installing Devise and Bootstrap every episode, so I made the Rails Jumpstart template for that. 👍
Thats awesome mate, is there a video where you show how to create that? I only asked because when I went to http://localhost:3000/oauth/applications i got a blank page
That route comes from the doorkeeper gem, so if it's blank, then your installation may not be done right.
This is the episode on the Rails template: https://gorails.com/episodes/rails-application-templates
I am not sure what i am doing wrong but i keep hitting
Started GET "/oauth/applications" for 127.0.0.1 at 2018-09-13 14:37:44 +1000
Processing by Doorkeeper::ApplicationsController#index as HTML
Access to admin panel is forbidden due to Doorkeeper.configure.admin_authenticator being unconfigured.
Filter chain halted as :authenticate_admin! rendered or redirected
Completed 403 Forbidden in 2ms (ActiveRecord: 0.0ms)
Anyone have any easy guides for creating a sign in with Slack? (Without Devise) bare bones...
I don't know how mutch it will break the logic
but impossible for me to follow exactly the video .
Something is not working as Chris show.
i'm talking about the me.json.jbuilder
ii have the error ⚠️
undefined local variable or method `current_resource_owner' for #<#<Class:0x00007fe41cabc360>:0x00007fe41bda5f28>
Did you mean? current_user
to solve this ...
json.id current_user.id
json.email current_user.email
json.name current_user.name
json.avatar_url gravatar_image_url(current_user.email, size: 40)
json.id current_user.id
json.email current_user.email
json.name current_user.name
json.avatar_url gravatar_image_url(current_user.email, size: 40)
and it work ✅ but i think that the futur logic won't work
any advice to help ?
Set this up a while ago using the old railscasts tutorial. BUT how on earth do you secure the route to /oauth/applications...
. On my production site I don't want people to be able set up new appplications to connect to, as this is part of my saas service
When I go to /oauth/applications/new
, Rails gives the following error:
NoMethodError in Doorkeeper::Applications#new
and in the logs it says this is the issue:
ActionView::Template::Error (undefined method `persisted?' for nil:NilClass):
12:33:56 web.1 | 1: <%= form_for application, url: doorkeeper_submit_path(application), html: {class: 'form-horizontal', role: 'form'} do |f| %>
12:33:56 web.1 | 2: <% if application.errors.any? %>
12:33:56 web.1 | 3: <div class="alert alert-danger" data-alert><p><%= t('doorkeeper.applications.form.error') %></p></div>
12:33:56 web.1 | 4: <% end %>
On oauth/applications
it throws a similar error`:
ActionView::Template::Error (undefined method `each' for nil:NilClass):
12:36:29 web.1 | 14: </tr>
12:36:29 web.1 | 15: </thead>
12:36:29 web.1 | 16: <tbody>
12:36:29 web.1 | 17: <% @applications.each do |application| %>
12:36:29 web.1 | 18: <tr id="application_<%= application.id %>">
12:36:29 web.1 | 19: <td><%= link_to application.name, oauth_application_path(application) %></td>
12:36:29 web.1 | 20: <td><%= application.redirect_uri %></td>
application
and @applications
are nil
and I do notice there is an ApplicationsController
with some devise code in it after downloading the jumpstart template.
Any advice on how to make the @applications
and application
work for Doorkeeper would help!
Kris
I downloaded the source code and got that up and running. I will continue to follow along with the videos, not sure why mine did not work. Could be newer versions of gems and rails in the jumpstart template.
Thanks!
KC
Hey guys I have a questions something is not adding up right, why is it when I try to hit /oauth/applications I get an error:
23:12:49 web.1 |
23:13:02 web.1 | Started GET "/oauth/applications" for ::1 at 2021-04-07 23:13:02 +0300
23:13:02 web.1 | Processing by Doorkeeper::ApplicationsController#index as HTML
23:13:02 web.1 | Access to admin panel is forbidden due to Doorkeeper.configure.admin_authenticator being unconfigured.
23:13:02 web.1 | Filter chain halted as :authenticate_admin! rendered or redirected
23:13:02 web.1 | Completed 403 Forbidden in 2ms (ActiveRecord: 0.0ms | Allocations: 266)
23:13:02 web.1 |
Kindly assist me to know what I'm doing wrong I'm sort of a beginner at this.
Thanks in advance.
Access to admin panel is forbidden due to Doorkeeper.configure.admin_authenticator being unconfigured.
Looks like you need to set that config option.
Hey Chris, this is my second month on Ruby, I really don't know what to configure
Kindly help me out.
Hey for anyone new at this a cool resource I found
https://doorkeeper.gitbook.io/guides/ruby-on-rails/getting-started
My error changed to this
| Started GET "/oauth/applications" for ::1 at 2021-04-08 08:41:02 +0300
08:41:02 web.1 | (1.1ms) SELECT "schema_migrations"."version" FROM "schema_migrations" ORDER BY "schema_migrations"."version" ASC
08:41:02 web.1 | Processing by Doorkeeper::ApplicationsController#index as HTML
08:41:02 web.1 | User Load (1.2ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE "users"."id" = $1 ORDER BY "users"."id" ASC LIMIT $2 [["id", 1], ["LIMIT", 1]]
08:41:02 web.1 | ↳ config/initializers/doorkeeper.rb:26:in `block (2 levels) in
08:41:02 web.1 | Filter chain halted as :authenticate_admin! rendered or redirected
08:41:02 web.1 | Completed 403 Forbidden in 31ms (ActiveRecord: 8.6ms | Allocations: 9567)
08:41:02 web.1 |
Here is my doorkeeper file
I hope I can get help really, vague pointing comments were of no help, since I'm relatively new to Rails.
config/initializers/doorkeeper.rb
frozen_string_literal: true
Doorkeeper.configure do
# Change the ORM that doorkeeper will use (requires ORM extensions installed).
# Check the list of supported ORMs here: https://github.com/doorkeeper-gem/doorkeeper#orms
orm :active_record
# This block will be called to check whether the resource owner is authenticated or not.
resource_owner_authenticator do
resource_owner_authenticator do
current_user || warden.authenticate!(scope: :user)
end
end
# If you didn't skip applications controller from Doorkeeper routes in your application routes.rb
# file then you need to declare this block in order to restrict access to the web interface for
# adding oauth authorized applications. In other case it will return 403 Forbidden response
# every time somebody will try to access the admin web interface.
#
admin_authenticator do
# # Put your admin authentication logic here.
# # Example implementation:
#
if current_user
head :forbidden unless current_user.admin?
else
redirect_to sign_in_url
end
end
# You can use your own model classes if you need to extend (or even override) default
# Doorkeeper models such as Application
, AccessToken
and `AccessGrant.
#
# Be default Doorkeeper ActiveRecord ORM uses it's own classes:
#
# access_token_class "Doorkeeper::AccessToken"
# access_grant_class "Doorkeeper::AccessGrant"
# application_class "Doorkeeper::Application"
#
# Don't forget to include Doorkeeper ORM mixins into your custom models:
#
# * ::Doorkeeper::Orm::ActiveRecord::Mixins::AccessToken - for access token
# * ::Doorkeeper::Orm::ActiveRecord::Mixins::AccessGrant - for access grant
# * ::Doorkeeper::Orm::ActiveRecord::Mixins::Application - for application (OAuth2 clients)
#
# For example:
#
# access_token_class "MyAccessToken"
#
# class MyAccessToken < ApplicationRecord
# include ::Doorkeeper::Orm::ActiveRecord::Mixins::AccessToken
#
# self.table_name = "hey_i_wanna_my_name"
#
# def destroy_me!
# destroy
# end
# end
# Enables polymorphic Resource Owner association for Access Tokens and Access Grants.
# By default this option is disabled.
#
# Make sure you properly setup you database and have all the required columns (run
# bundle exec rails generate doorkeeper:enable_polymorphic_resource_owner
and execute Rails
# migrations).
#
# If this option enabled, Doorkeeper will store not only Resource Owner primary key
# value, but also it's type (class name). See "Polymorphic Associations" section of
# Rails guides: https://guides.rubyonrails.org/association_basics.html#polymorphic-associations
#
# [NOTE] If you apply this option on already existing project don't forget to manually
# update resource_owner_type
column in the database and fix migration template as it will
# set NOT NULL constraint for Access Grants table.
#
# use_polymorphic_resource_owner
# If you are planning to use Doorkeeper in Rails 5 API-only application, then you might
# want to use API mode that will skip all the views management and change the way how
# Doorkeeper responds to a requests.
#
# api_only
# Enforce token request content type to application/x-www-form-urlencoded.
# It is not enabled by default to not break prior versions of the gem.
#
# enforce_content_type
# Authorization Code expiration time (default: 10 minutes).
#
# authorization_code_expires_in 10.minutes
# Access token expiration time (default: 2 hours).
# If you want to disable expiration, set this to nil
.
#
# access_token_expires_in 2.hours
# Assign custom TTL for access tokens. Will be used instead of access_token_expires_in
# option if defined. In case the block returns nil
value Doorkeeper fallbacks to
# +access_token_expires_in+ configuration option value. If you really need to issue a
# non-expiring access token (which is not recommended) then you need to return
# Float::INFINITY from this block.
#
# context
has the following properties available:
#
# * client
- the OAuth client application (see Doorkeeper::OAuth::Client)
# * grant_type
- the grant type of the request (see Doorkeeper::OAuth)
# * scopes
- the requested scopes (see Doorkeeper::OAuth::Scopes)
# * resource_owner
- authorized resource owner instance (if present)
#
# custom_access_token_expires_in do |context|
# context.client.additional_settings.implicit_oauth_expiration
# end
# Use a custom class for generating the access token.
# See https://doorkeeper.gitbook.io/guides/configuration/other-configurations#custom-access-token-generator
#
# access_token_generator '::Doorkeeper::JWT'
# The controller +Doorkeeper::ApplicationController+ inherits from.
# Defaults to +ActionController::Base+ unless +api_only+ is set, which changes the default to
# +ActionController::API+. The return value of this option must be a stringified class name.
# See https://doorkeeper.gitbook.io/guides/configuration/other-configurations#custom-base-controller
#
# base_controller 'ApplicationController'
# Reuse access token for the same resource owner within an application (disabled by default).
#
# This option protects your application from creating new tokens before old valid one becomes
# expired so your database doesn't bloat. Keep in mind that when this option is on
Doorkeeper
# doesn't updates existing token expiration time, it will create a new token instead.
# Rationale: https://github.com/doorkeeper-gem/doorkeeper/issues/383
#
# You can not enable this option together with +hash_token_secrets+.
#
# reuse_access_token
# In case you enabled reuse_access_token
option Doorkeeper will try to find matching
# token using matching_token_for
Access Token API that searches for valid records
# in batches in order not to pollute the memory with all the database records. By default
# Doorkeeper uses batch size of 10 000 records. You can increase or decrease this value
# depending on your needs and server capabilities.
#
# token_lookup_batch_size 10_000
# Set a limit for token_reuse if using reuse_access_token option
#
# This option limits token_reusability to some extent.
# If not set then access_token will be reused unless it expires.
# Rationale: https://github.com/doorkeeper-gem/doorkeeper/issues/1189
#
# This option should be a percentage(i.e. (0,100])
#
# token_reuse_limit 100
# Only allow one valid access token obtained via client credentials
# per client. If a new access token is obtained before the old one
# expired, the old one gets revoked (disabled by default)
#
# When enabling this option, make sure that you do not expect multiple processes
# using the same credentials at the same time (e.g. web servers spanning
# multiple machines and/or processes).
#
# revoke_previous_client_credentials_token
# Hash access and refresh tokens before persisting them.
# This will disable the possibility to use +reuse_access_token+
# since plain values can no longer be retrieved.
#
# Note: If you are already a user of doorkeeper and have existing tokens
# in your installation, they will be invalid without adding 'fallback: :plain'.
#
# hash_token_secrets
# By default, token secrets will be hashed using the
# +Doorkeeper::Hashing::SHA256+ strategy.
#
# If you wish to use another hashing implementation, you can override
# this strategy as follows:
#
# hash_token_secrets using: '::Doorkeeper::Hashing::MyCustomHashImpl'
#
# Keep in mind that changing the hashing function will invalidate all existing
# secrets, if there are any.
# Hash application secrets before persisting them.
#
# hash_application_secrets
#
# By default, applications will be hashed
# with the +Doorkeeper::SecretStoring::SHA256+ strategy.
#
# If you wish to use bcrypt for application secret hashing, uncomment
# this line instead:
#
# hash_application_secrets using: '::Doorkeeper::SecretStoring::BCrypt'
# When the above option is enabled, and a hashed token or secret is not found,
# you can allow to fall back to another strategy. For users upgrading
# doorkeeper and wishing to enable hashing, you will probably want to enable
# the fallback to plain tokens.
#
# This will ensure that old access tokens and secrets
# will remain valid even if the hashing above is enabled.
#
# This can be done by adding 'fallback: plain', e.g. :
#
# hash_application_secrets using: '::Doorkeeper::SecretStoring::BCrypt', fallback: :plain
# Issue access tokens with refresh token (disabled by default), you may also
# pass a block which accepts context
to customize when to give a refresh
# token or not. Similar to +custom_access_token_expires_in+, context
has
# the following properties:
#
# client
- the OAuth client application (see Doorkeeper::OAuth::Client)
# grant_type
- the grant type of the request (see Doorkeeper::OAuth)
# scopes
- the requested scopes (see Doorkeeper::OAuth::Scopes)
#
# use_refresh_token
# Provide support for an owner to be assigned to each registered application (disabled by default)
# Optional parameter confirmation: true (default: false) if you want to enforce ownership of
# a registered application
# NOTE: you must also run the rails g doorkeeper:application_owner generator
# to provide the necessary support
#
# enable_application_owner confirmation: false
# Define access token scopes for your provider
# For more information go to
# https://doorkeeper.gitbook.io/guides/ruby-on-rails/scopes
#
# default_scopes :public
# optional_scopes :write, :update
# Allows to restrict only certain scopes for grant_type.
# By default, all the scopes will be available for all the grant types.
#
# Keys to this hash should be the name of grant_type and
# values should be the array of scopes for that grant type.
# Note: scopes should be from configured_scopes (i.e. default or optional)
#
# scopes_by_grant_type password: [:write], client_credentials: [:update]
# Forbids creating/updating applications with arbitrary scopes that are
# not in configuration, i.e. +default_scopes+ or +optional_scopes+.
# (disabled by default)
#
# enforce_configured_scopes
# Change the way client credentials are retrieved from the request object.
# By default it retrieves first from the HTTP_AUTHORIZATION
header, then
# falls back to the :client_id
and :client_secret
params from the params
object.
# Check out https://github.com/doorkeeper-gem/doorkeeper/wiki/Changing-how-clients-are-authenticated
# for more information on customization
#
# client_credentials :from_basic, :from_params
# Change the way access token is authenticated from the request object.
# By default it retrieves first from the HTTP_AUTHORIZATION
header, then
# falls back to the :access_token
or :bearer_token
params from the params
object.
# Check out https://github.com/doorkeeper-gem/doorkeeper/wiki/Changing-how-clients-are-authenticated
# for more information on customization
#
# access_token_methods :from_bearer_authorization, :from_access_token_param, :from_bearer_param
# Forces the usage of the HTTPS protocol in non-native redirect uris (enabled
# by default in non-development environments). OAuth2 delegates security in
# communication to the HTTPS protocol so it is wise to keep this enabled.
#
# Callable objects such as proc, lambda, block or any object that responds to
# #call can be used in order to allow conditional checks (to allow non-SSL
# redirects to localhost for example).
#
# force_ssl_in_redirect_uri !Rails.env.development?
#
# force_ssl_in_redirect_uri { |uri| uri.host != 'localhost' }
# Specify what redirect URI's you want to block during Application creation.
# Any redirect URI is whitelisted by default.
#
# You can use this option in order to forbid URI's with 'javascript' scheme
# for example.
#
# forbid_redirect_uri { |uri| uri.scheme.to_s.downcase == 'javascript' }
# Allows to set blank redirect URIs for Applications in case Doorkeeper configured
# to use URI-less OAuth grant flows like Client Credentials or Resource Owner
# Password Credentials. The option is on by default and checks configured grant
# types, but you need to manually drop NOT NULL
constraint from redirect_uri
# column for oauth_applications
database table.
#
# You can completely disable this feature with:
#
# allow_blank_redirect_uri false
#
# Or you can define your custom check:
#
# allow_blank_redirect_uri do |grant_flows, client|
# client.superapp?
# end
# Specify how authorization errors should be handled.
# By default, doorkeeper renders json errors when access token
# is invalid, expired, revoked or has invalid scopes.
#
# If you want to render error response yourself (i.e. rescue exceptions),
# set +handle_auth_errors+ to :raise
and rescue Doorkeeper::Errors::InvalidToken
# or following specific errors:
#
# Doorkeeper::Errors::TokenForbidden, Doorkeeper::Errors::TokenExpired,
# Doorkeeper::Errors::TokenRevoked, Doorkeeper::Errors::TokenUnknown
#
# handle_auth_errors :raise
# Customize token introspection response.
# Allows to add your own fields to default one that are required by the OAuth spec
# for the introspection response. It could be sub
, aud
and so on.
# This configuration option can be a proc, lambda or any Ruby object responds
# to .call
method and result of it's invocation must be a Hash.
#
# custom_introspection_response do |token, context|
# {
# "sub": "Z5O3upPC88QrAjx00dis",
# "aud": "https://protected.example.net/resource",
# "username": User.find(token.resource_owner_id).username
# }
# end
#
# or
#
# custom_introspection_response CustomIntrospectionResponder
# Specify what grant flows are enabled in array of Strings. The valid
# strings and the flows they enable are:
#
# "authorization_code" => Authorization Code Grant Flow
# "implicit" => Implicit Grant Flow
# "password" => Resource Owner Password Credentials Grant Flow
# "client_credentials" => Client Credentials Grant Flow
#
# If not specified, Doorkeeper enables authorization_code and
# client_credentials.
#
# implicit and password grant flows have risks that you should understand
# before enabling:
# http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6819#section-4.4.2
# http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6819#section-4.4.3
#
# grant_flows %w[authorization_code client_credentials]
# Allows to customize OAuth grant flows that +each+ application support.
# You can configure a custom block (or use a class respond to #call
) that must
# return true
in case Application instance supports requested OAuth grant flow
# during the authorization request to the server. This configuration +doesn't+
# set flows per application, it only allows to check if application supports
# specific grant flow.
#
# For example you can add an additional database column to oauth_applications
table,
# say t.array :grant_flows, default: []
, and store allowed grant flows that can
# be used with this application there. Then when authorization requested Doorkeeper
# will call this block to check if specific Application (passed with client_id and/or
# client_secret) is allowed to perform the request for the specific grant type
# (authorization, password, client_credentials, etc).
#
# Example of the block:
#
# ->(flow, client) { client.grant_flows.include?(flow) }
#
# In case this option invocation result is false
, Doorkeeper server returns
# :unauthorized_client error and stops the request.
#
# @param allow_grant_flow_for_client [Proc] Block or any object respond to #call
# @return [Boolean] true
if allow or false
if forbid the request
#
# allow_grant_flow_for_client do |grant_flow, client|
# # grant_flows
is an Array column with grant
# # flows that application supports
#
# client.grant_flows.include?(grant_flow)
# end
# If you need arbitrary Resource Owner-Client authorization you can enable this option
# and implement the check your need. Config option must respond to #call and return
# true in case resource owner authorized for the specific application or false in other
# cases.
#
# Be default all Resource Owners are authorized to any Client (application).
#
# authorize_resource_owner_for_client do |client, resource_owner|
# resource_owner.admin? || client.owners_whitelist.include?(resource_owner)
# end
# Hook into the strategies' request & response life-cycle in case your
# application needs advanced customization or logging:
#
# before_successful_strategy_response do |request|
# puts "BEFORE HOOK FIRED! #{request}"
# end
#
# after_successful_strategy_response do |request, response|
# puts "AFTER HOOK FIRED! #{request}, #{response}"
# end
# Hook into Authorization flow in order to implement Single Sign Out
# or add any other functionality. Inside the block you have an access
# to controller
(authorizations controller instance) and context
# (Doorkeeper::OAuth::Hooks::Context instance) which provides pre auth
# or auth objects with issued token based on hook type (before or after).
#
# before_successful_authorization do |controller, context|
# Rails.logger.info(controller.request.params.inspect)
#
# Rails.logger.info(context.pre_auth.inspect)
# end
#
# after_successful_authorization do |controller, context|
# controller.session[:logout_urls] <<
# Doorkeeper::Application
# .find_by(controller.request.params.slice(:redirect_uri))
# .logout_uri
#
# Rails.logger.info(context.auth.inspect)
# Rails.logger.info(context.issued_token)
# end
# Under some circumstances you might want to have applications auto-approved,
# so that the user skips the authorization step.
# For example if dealing with a trusted application.
#
# skip_authorization do |resource_owner, client|
# client.superapp? or resource_owner.admin?
# end
# Configure custom constraints for the Token Introspection request.
# By default this configuration option allows to introspect a token by another
# token of the same application, OR to introspect the token that belongs to
# authorized client (from authenticated client) OR when token doesn't
# belong to any client (public token). Otherwise requester has no access to the
# introspection and it will return response as stated in the RFC.
#
# Block arguments:
#
# @param token [Doorkeeper::AccessToken]
# token to be introspected
#
# @param authorized_client [Doorkeeper::Application]
# authorized client (if request is authorized using Basic auth with
# Client Credentials for example)
#
# @param authorized_token [Doorkeeper::AccessToken]
# Bearer token used to authorize the request
#
# In case the block returns nil
or false
introspection responses with 401 status code
# when using authorized token to introspect, or you'll get 200 with { "active": false } body
# when using authorized client to introspect as stated in the
# RFC 7662 section 2.2. Introspection Response.
#
# Using with caution:
# Keep in mind that these three parameters pass to block can be nil as following case:
# authorized_client
is nil if and only if authorized_token
is present, and vice versa.
# token
will be nil if and only if authorized_token
is present.
# So remember to use &
or check if it is present before calling method on
# them to make sure you doesn't get NoMethodError exception.
#
# You can define your custom check:
#
# allow_token_introspection do |token, authorized_client, authorized_token|
# if authorized_token
# # customize: require introspection
scope
# authorized_token.application == token&.application ||
# authorized_token.scopes.include?("introspection")
# elsif token.application
# # protected_resource
is a new database boolean column, for example
# authorized_client == token.application || authorized_client.protected_resource?
# else
# # public token (when token.application is nil, token doesn't belong to any application)
# true
# end
# end
#
# Or you can completely disable any token introspection:
#
# allow_token_introspection false
#
# If you need to block the request at all, then configure your routes.rb or web-server
# like nginx to forbid the request.
# WWW-Authenticate Realm (default: "Doorkeeper").
#
# realm "Doorkeeper"
end
Anything I forgot to add. The video is not really explaining how we got there, kindly please help so I can move forward with the amazing courses.
Chris really decided my problem is not worth the time, anyways thanks Chris. The content is tops.